Awesome Python

An opinionated list of awesome Python frameworks, libraries, software and resources.

Inspired by awesome-php.

• Awesome Python
  • Admin Panels
  • Algorithms and Design Patterns
  • ASGI Servers
  • Asynchronous Programming
  • Audio
  • Authentication
  • Build Tools
  • Built-in Classes Enhancement
  • Caching
  • CMS
  • Code Analysis
  • Command-line Interface Development
  • Command-line Tools
  • Computer Vision
  • Configuration Files
  • Cryptography
  • Data Analysis
  • Data Validation
  • Data Visualization
  • Database Drivers
  • Database
  • Date and Time
  • Debugging Tools
  • Deep Learning
  • DevOps Tools
  • Distributed Computing
  • Distribution
  • Documentation
  • Downloader
  • Editor Plugins and IDEs
  • Email
  • Environment Management
  • File Manipulation
  • Functional Programming
  • Game Development
  • Geolocation
  • GUI Development
  • Hardware
  • HTML Manipulation
  • HTTP Clients
  • Image Processing
  • Implementations
  • Interactive Interpreter
  • Internationalization
  • Job Scheduler
  • Logging
  • Machine Learning
  • Miscellaneous
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Network Virtualization
  • ORM
  • Package Management
  • Package Repositories
  • Penetration testing
  • Permissions
  • Processes
  • Quantum Computing
  • Recommender Systems
  • Refactoring
  • RESTful API
  • Robotics
  • RPC Servers
  • Science
  • Search
  • Serialization
  • Serverless Frameworks
  • Shell
  • Specific Formats Processing
  • Static Site Generator
  • Task Queues
  • Template Engine
  • Testing
  • Text Processing
  • URL Manipulation
  • Video
  • Web Asset Management
  • Web Content Extracting
  • Web Crawling
  • Web Frameworks
  • WebSocket
  • WSGI Servers
• Resources
  • Newsletters
  • Podcasts
• Contributing

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Admin Panels

Libraries for administrative interfaces.

• ajenti - The admin panel your servers deserve.
• django-grappelli - A jazzy skin for the Django Admin-Interface.
• django-unfold - Elevate your Django admin with a stunning modern interface, powerful features, and seamless user experience.
• flask-admin - Simple and extensible administrative interface framework for Flask.
• flower - Real-time monitor and web admin for Celery.
• func-to-web - Instantly create web UIs from Python functions using type hints. Zero frontend code required.
• jet-bridge - Admin panel framework for any application with nice UI (ex Jet Django).
• streamlit - A framework which lets you build dashboards, generate reports, or create chat apps in minutes.
• wooey - A Django app which creates automatic web UIs for Python scripts.

Algorithms and Design Patterns

Python implementation of data structures, algorithms and design patterns. Also see awesome-algorithms.

• Algorithms
  • algorithms - Minimal examples of data structures and algorithms.
  • python-ds - A collection of data structure and algorithms for coding interviews.
  • sortedcontainers - Fast and pure-Python implementation of sorted collections.
  • thealgorithms - All Algorithms implemented in Python.
• Design Patterns
  • python-cqrs - Event-Driven Architecture Framework with CQRS/CQS, Transaction Outbox, Saga orchestration.
  • python-patterns - A collection of design patterns in Python.
  • transitions - A lightweight, object-oriented finite state machine implementation.

ASGI Servers

ASGI-compatible web servers.

• daphne - A HTTP, HTTP2 and WebSocket protocol server for ASGI and ASGI-HTTP.
• granian - A Rust HTTP server for Python applications built on top of Hyper and Tokio, supporting WSGI/ASGI/RSGI.
• hypercorn - An ASGI and WSGI Server based on Hyper libraries and inspired by Gunicorn.
• uvicorn - A lightning-fast ASGI server implementation, using uvloop and httptools.

Asynchronous Programming

Libraries for asynchronous, concurrent and parallel execution. Also see awesome-asyncio.

• asyncio - (Python standard library) Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks.
  • awesome-asyncio
• concurrent.futures - (Python standard library) A high-level interface for asynchronously executing callables.
• gevent - A coroutine-based Python networking library that uses greenlet.
• multiprocessing - (Python standard library) Process-based parallelism.
• trio - A friendly library for async concurrency and I/O.
• twisted - An event-driven networking engine.
• uvloop - Ultra fast asyncio event loop.

Audio

Libraries for manipulating audio and its metadata.

• Audio
  • audioFlux - A library for audio and music analysis, feature extraction.
  • audioread - Cross-library (GStreamer + Core Audio + MAD + FFmpeg) audio decoding.
  • dejavu - Audio fingerprinting and recognition.
  • gTTS - Python library and CLI tool for converting text to speech using Google Translate TTS.
  • kapre - Keras Audio Preprocessors.
  • librosa - Python library for audio and music analysis.
  • matchering - A library for automated reference audio mastering.
  • mingus - An advanced music theory and notation package with MIDI file and playback support.
  • pyaudioanalysis - Audio feature extraction, classification, segmentation and applications.
  • pydub - Manipulate audio with a simple and easy high level interface.
  • timeside - Open web audio processing framework.
• Metadata
  • beets - A music library manager and MusicBrainz tagger.
  • eyed3 - A tool for working with audio files, specifically MP3 files containing ID3 metadata.
  • mutagen - A Python module to handle audio metadata.
  • tinytag - A library for reading music meta data of MP3, OGG, FLAC and Wave files.

Authentication

Libraries for implementing authentication schemes.

• OAuth
  • authlib - JavaScript Object Signing and Encryption draft implementation.
  • django-allauth - Authentication app for Django that “just works.”
  • django-oauth-toolkit - OAuth 2 goodies for Django.
  • oauthlib - A generic and thorough implementation of the OAuth request-signing logic.
• JWT
  • pyjwt - JSON Web Token implementation in Python.
  • python-jose - A JOSE implementation in Python.

Build Tools

Compile software from source code.

• bitbake - A make-like build tool for embedded Linux.
• buildout - A build system for creating, assembling and deploying applications from multiple parts.
• platformio - A console tool to build code with different development platforms.
• pybuilder - A continuous build tool written in pure Python.
• scons - A software construction tool.

Built-in Classes Enhancement

Libraries for enhancing Python built-in classes.

• attrs - Replacement for __init__, __eq__, __repr__, etc. boilerplate in class definitions.
• bidict - Efficient, Pythonic bidirectional map data structures and related functionality.
• box - Python dictionaries with advanced dot notation access.
• dataclasses - (Python standard library) Data classes.
• dotteddict - A library that provides a method of accessing lists and dicts with a dotted path notation.

CMS

Content Management Systems.

• feincms - One of the most advanced Content Management Systems built on Django.
• indico - A feature-rich event management system, made @ CERN.
• wagtail - A Django content management system.

Caching

Libraries for caching data.

• beaker - A WSGI middleware for sessions and caching.
• django-cache-machine - Automatic caching and invalidation for Django models.
• django-cacheops - A slick ORM cache with automatic granular event-driven invalidation.
• dogpile.cache - dogpile.cache is a next generation replacement for Beaker made by the same authors.
• hermescache - Python caching library with tag-based invalidation and dogpile effect prevention.
• pylibmc - A Python wrapper around the libmemcached interface.
• python-diskcache - SQLite and file backed cache backend with faster lookups than memcached and redis.

Code Analysis

Tools of static analysis, linters and code quality checkers. Also see awesome-static-analysis.

• Code Analysis
  • code-graph-rag - Builds knowledge graphs from multi-language codebases using Tree-sitter and Memgraph, enabling natural language querying of code structure.
  • code2flow - Turn your Python and JavaScript code into DOT flowcharts.
  • prospector - A tool to analyze Python code.
  • vulture - A tool for finding and analyzing dead Python code.
• Code Linters
  • flake8 - A wrapper around pycodestyle, pyflakes and McCabe.
    • awesome-flake8-extensions
  • pylint - A fully customizable source code analyzer.
  • ruff - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter.
• Code Formatters
  • black - The uncompromising Python code formatter.
  • isort - A Python utility / library to sort imports.
  • yapf - Yet another Python code formatter from Google.
• Static Type Checkers, also see awesome-python-typing
  • mypy - Check variable types during compile time.
  • pyre-check - Performant type checking.
  • ty - An extremely fast Python type checker and language server.
  • typeshed - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types.
• Static Type Annotations Generators
  • monkeytype - A system for Python that generates static type annotations by collecting runtime types.
  • pytype - Pytype checks and infers types for Python code - without requiring type annotations.

Command-line Interface Development

Libraries for building command-line applications.

• Command-line Application Development
  • argparse - (Python standard library) Command-line option and argument parsing.
  • cement - CLI Application Framework for Python.
  • click - A package for creating beautiful command line interfaces in a composable way.
  • cliff - A framework for creating command-line programs with multi-level commands.
  • python-fire - A library for creating command line interfaces from absolutely any Python object.
  • python-prompt-toolkit - A library for building powerful interactive command lines.
  • Typer - Modern CLI framework that uses Python type hints. Built on Click and Pydantic.
• Terminal Rendering
  • alive-progress - A new kind of Progress Bar, with real-time throughput, eta and very cool animations.
  • asciimatics - A package to create full-screen text UIs (from interactive forms to ASCII animations).
  • bashplotlib - Making basic plots in the terminal.
  • colorama - Cross-platform colored terminal text.
  • rich - Python library for rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal. Also provides a great RichHandler log handler.
  • textual - A framework for building interactive user interfaces that run in the terminal and the browser.
  • tqdm - Fast, extensible progress bar for loops and CLI.

Command-line Tools

Useful CLI-based tools for productivity.

• Productivity Tools
  • ccb - A CLI tool to orchestrate multiple LLMs (Claude, Gemini, etc.) in Tmux panes with cross-agent interaction.
  • cookiecutter - A command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates).
  • copier - A library and command-line utility for rendering projects templates.
  • doitlive - A tool for live presentations in the terminal.
  • howdoi - Instant coding answers via the command line.
  • invoke - A tool for managing shell-oriented subprocesses and organizing executable Python code into CLI-invokable tasks.
  • pathpicker - Select files out of bash output.
  • thefuck - Correcting your previous console command.
  • tmuxp - A tmux session manager.
  • try - A dead simple CLI to try out python packages - it’s never been easier.
• CLI Enhancements
  • httpie - A command line HTTP client, a user-friendly cURL replacement.
  • iredis - Redis CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
  • litecli - SQLite CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
  • mycli - MySQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
  • pgcli - PostgreSQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.

Computer Vision

Libraries for Computer Vision.

• easyocr - Ready-to-use OCR with 40+ languages supported.
• kornia - Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch.
• opencv - Open Source Computer Vision Library.
• pytesseract - A wrapper for Google Tesseract OCR.
• tesserocr - Another simple, Pillow-friendly, wrapper around the tesseract-ocr API for OCR.

Configuration Files

Libraries for storing and parsing configuration options.

• configobj - INI file parser with validation.
• configparser - (Python standard library) INI file parser.
• dynaconf - Dynaconf is a configuration manager with plugins for Django, Flask and FastAPI.
• hydra - Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications.
• python-decouple - Strict separation of settings from code.

Cryptography

• cryptography - A package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers.
• paramiko - The leading native Python SSHv2 protocol library.
• pynacl - Python binding to the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library.

Data Analysis

Libraries for data analysis.

• aws-sdk-pandas - Pandas on AWS.
• datasette - An open source multi-tool for exploring and publishing data.
• desbordante - An open source data profiler for complex pattern discovery.
• docling - Library for converting documents into structured data.
• optimus - Agile Data Science Workflows made easy with PySpark.
• pandas - A library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools.
• pathway - Real-time data processing framework for Python with reactive dataflows.
• polars - A fast DataFrame library implemented in Rust with a Python API.

Data Validation

Libraries for validating data. Used for forms in many cases.

• cerberus - A lightweight and extensible data validation library.
• colander - Validating and deserializing data obtained via XML, JSON, an HTML form post.
• jsonschema - An implementation of JSON Schema for Python.
• pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints.
• schema - A library for validating Python data structures.
• schematics - Data Structure Validation.
• voluptuous - A Python data validation library.

Data Visualization

Libraries for visualizing data. Also see awesome-javascript.

• altair - Declarative statistical visualization library for Python.
• bokeh - Interactive Web Plotting for Python.
• bqplot - Interactive Plotting Library for the Jupyter Notebook.
• cartopy - A cartographic python library with matplotlib support.
• diagrams - Diagram as Code.
• matplotlib - A Python 2D plotting library.
• plotly - Interactive graphing library for Python.
• plotnine - A grammar of graphics for Python based on ggplot2.
• pygal - A Python SVG Charts Creator.
• pygraphviz - Python interface to Graphviz.
• pyqtgraph - Interactive and realtime 2D/3D/Image plotting and science/engineering widgets.
• seaborn - Statistical data visualization using Matplotlib.
• UltraPlot - Matplotlib wrapper for publication-ready scientific figures with minimal code. Includes advanced subplot management, panel layouts, and batteries-included geoscience plotting.
• vispy - High-performance scientific visualization based on OpenGL.

Database

Databases implemented in Python.

• DuckDB - An in-process SQL OLAP database management system; optimized for analytics and fast queries, similar to SQLite but for analytical workloads.
• pickleDB - A simple and lightweight key-value store for Python.
• tinydb - A tiny, document-oriented database.
• zodb - A native object database for Python. A key-value and object graph database.

Database Drivers

Libraries for connecting and operating databases.

• MySQL - awesome-mysql
  • mysqlclient - MySQL connector with Python 3 support (mysql-python fork).
  • pymysql - A pure Python MySQL driver compatible to mysql-python.
• PostgreSQL - awesome-postgres
  • psycopg - The most popular PostgreSQL adapter for Python.
• SQlite - awesome-sqlite
  • sqlite-utils - Python CLI utility and library for manipulating SQLite databases.
  • sqlite3 - (Python standard library) SQlite interface compliant with DB-API 2.0.
• Other Relational Databases
  • clickhouse-driver - Python driver with native interface for ClickHouse.
  • pymssql - A simple database interface to Microsoft SQL Server.
• NoSQL Databases
  • cassandra-driver - The Python Driver for Apache Cassandra.
  • Django MongoDB Backend - Official MongoDB database backend for Django.
  • kafka-python - The Python client for Apache Kafka.
  • pymongo - The official Python client for MongoDB.
  • redis-py - The Python client for Redis.
  • Beanie - An asynchronous Python object-document mapper (ODM) for MongoDB.

Date and Time

Libraries for working with dates and times.

• arrow - A Python library that offers a sensible and human-friendly approach to creating, manipulating, formatting and converting dates, times and timestamps.
• dateutil - Extensions to the standard Python datetime module.
• pendulum - Python datetimes made easy.
• pytz - World timezone definitions, modern and historical. Brings the tz database into Python.

Debugging Tools

Libraries for debugging code.

• pdb-like Debugger
  • ipdb - IPython-enabled pdb.
  • pudb - A full-screen, console-based Python debugger.
• Tracing
  • manhole - Debugging UNIX socket connections and present the stacktraces for all threads and an interactive prompt.
  • python-hunter - A flexible code tracing toolkit.
• Profiler
  • py-spy - A sampling profiler for Python programs. Written in Rust.
  • vprof - Visual Python profiler.
• Others
  • django-debug-toolbar - Display various debug information for Django.
  • flask-debugtoolbar - A port of the django-debug-toolbar to flask.
  • icecream - Inspect variables, expressions, and program execution with a single, simple function call.
  • memory-graph - Visualize Python data at runtime to debug references, mutability, and aliasing.
  • pyelftools - Parsing and analyzing ELF files and DWARF debugging information.

Deep Learning

Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. Also see awesome-deep-learning.

• jax - a library for high-performance numerical computing with automatic differentiation and JIT compilation.
• keras - A high-level neural networks library and capable of running on top of either TensorFlow or Theano.
• pytorch-lightning - Deep learning framework to train, deploy, and ship AI products Lightning fast.
• pytorch - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration.
• stable-baselines3 - PyTorch implementations of Stable Baselines (deep) reinforcement learning algorithms.
• tensorflow - The most popular Deep Learning framework created by Google.
• vllm - A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs.

DevOps Tools

Software and libraries for DevOps.

• Cloud Providers
  • boto3 - Python interface to Amazon Web Services.
• Configuration Management
  • ansible - A radically simple IT automation platform.
  • cloudinit - A multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance.
  • openstack - Open source software for building private and public clouds.
  • pyinfra - A versatile CLI tools and python libraries to automate infrastructure.
  • saltstack - Infrastructure automation and management system.
• SSH-style Deployment
  • cuisine - Chef-like functionality for Fabric.
  • fabric - A simple, Pythonic tool for remote execution and deployment.
• Process Management
  • supervisor - Supervisor process control system for UNIX.
• Monitoring
  • psutil - A cross-platform process and system utilities module.
• Backup
  • borg - A deduplicating archiver with compression and encryption.
• Chaos Engineering
  • chaostoolkit - A Chaos Engineering toolkit & Orchestration for Developers.

Distributed Computing

Frameworks and libraries for Distributed Computing.

• Batch Processing
  • dask - A flexible parallel computing library for analytic computing.
  • luigi - A module that helps you build complex pipelines of batch jobs.
  • mpi4py - Python bindings for MPI.
  • PySpark - Apache Spark Python API.
  • Ray - A system for parallel and distributed Python that unifies the machine learning ecosystem.
• Stream Processing
  • streamparse - Run Python code against real-time streams of data via Apache Storm.

Distribution

Libraries to create packaged executables for release distribution.

• cx_freeze - It is a Python tool that converts Python scripts into standalone executables and installers for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
• Nuitka - Compiles Python programs into high-performance standalone executables (cross-platform, supports all Python versions).
• py2app - Freezes Python scripts (Mac OS X).
• py2exe - Freezes Python scripts (Windows).
• pyarmor - A tool used to obfuscate python scripts, bind obfuscated scripts to fixed machine or expire obfuscated scripts.
• pyinstaller - Converts Python programs into stand-alone executables (cross-platform).
• shiv - A command line utility for building fully self-contained zipapps (PEP 441), but with all their dependencies included.

Documentation

Libraries for generating project documentation.

• sphinx - Python Documentation generator.
  • awesome-sphinxdoc
• pdoc - Epydoc replacement to auto generate API documentation for Python libraries.

Downloader

Libraries for downloading.

• akshare - A financial data interface library, built for human beings!
• edgartools - Library for downloading structured data from SEC EDGAR filings and XBRL financial statements.
• OpenBB - A financial data platform for analysts, quants and AI agents.
• s3cmd - A command line tool for managing Amazon S3 and CloudFront.
• yfinance - Easy Pythonic way to download market and financial data from Yahoo Finance.
• youtube-dl - A command-line program to download videos from YouTube and other video sites.

Editor Plugins and IDEs

• Emacs
  • elpy - Emacs Python Development Environment.
• Vim
  • jedi-vim - Vim bindings for the Jedi auto-completion library for Python.
  • python-mode - An all in one plugin for turning Vim into a Python IDE.
  • YouCompleteMe - Includes Jedi-based completion engine for Python.
• Visual Studio
  • PTVS - Python Tools for Visual Studio.
• Visual Studio Code
  • Python - The official VSCode extension with rich support for Python.
• IDE
  • PyCharm - Commercial Python IDE by JetBrains. Has free community edition available.
  • spyder - Open Source Python IDE.

Email

Libraries for sending and parsing email.

• Mail Servers
  • modoboa - A mail hosting and management platform including a modern Web UI.
• Clients
  • imbox - Python IMAP for Humans.
  • yagmail - Yet another Gmail/SMTP client.
• Others
  • flanker - An email address and Mime parsing library.
  • mailer - High-performance extensible mail delivery framework.

Environment Management

Libraries for Python version and virtual environment management.

• pyenv - Simple Python version management.
• pyenv-win - Pyenv for Windows, Simple Python version management.
• uv - An extremely fast Python package and project manager, written in Rust.
• virtualenv - A tool to create isolated Python environments.

File Manipulation

Libraries for file manipulation.

• markitdown - Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown.
• mimetypes - (Python standard library) Map filenames to MIME types.
• path.py - A module wrapper for os.path.
• pathlib - (Python standard library) A cross-platform, object-oriented path library.
• python-magic - A Python interface to the libmagic file type identification library.
• watchdog - API and shell utilities to monitor file system events.
• watchfiles - Simple, modern and fast file watching and code reload in python.

Functional Programming

Functional Programming with Python.

• coconut - A variant of Python built for simple, elegant, Pythonic functional programming.
• cytoolz - Cython implementation of Toolz: High performance functional utilities.
• functools - (Python standard library) Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.
• funcy - A fancy and practical functional tools.
• more-itertools - More routines for operating on iterables, beyond itertools.
• returns - A set of type-safe monads, transformers, and composition utilities.
• toolz - A collection of functional utilities for iterators, functions, and dictionaries.

GUI Development

Libraries for working with graphical user interface applications.

• curses - Built-in wrapper for ncurses used to create terminal GUI applications.
• CustomTkinter - A modern and customizable python UI-library based on Tkinter.
• DearPyGui - A Simple GPU accelerated Python GUI framework
• enaml - Creating beautiful user-interfaces with Declarative Syntax like QML.
• Flet - Cross-platform GUI framework for building modern apps in pure Python.
• Flexx - Flexx is a pure Python toolkit for creating GUI’s, that uses web technology for its rendering.
• Gooey - Turn command line programs into a full GUI application with one line.
• kivy - A library for creating NUI applications, running on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android and iOS.
• NiceGUI - An easy-to-use, Python-based UI framework, which shows up in your web browser.
• pyglet - A cross-platform windowing and multimedia library for Python.
• PyGObject - Python Bindings for GLib/GObject/GIO/GTK+ (GTK+3).
• PySide - Qt for Python offers the official Python bindings for Qt, this is same as PyQt but it’s the official binding with different licensing.
• PyQt - Python bindings for the Qt cross-platform application and UI framework.
• pywebview - A lightweight cross-platform native wrapper around a webview component.
• Tkinter - Tkinter is Python’s de-facto standard GUI package.
• Toga - A Python native, OS native GUI toolkit.
• urwid - A library for creating terminal GUI applications with strong support for widgets, events, rich colors, etc.
• wxPython - A blending of the wxWidgets C++ class library with the Python.

GraphQL

Libraries for working with GraphQL.

• graphene - GraphQL framework for Python.
• strawberry-django - Strawberry GraphQL integration with Django.

Game Development

Awesome game development libraries.

• Arcade - Arcade is a modern Python framework for crafting games with compelling graphics and sound.
• Cocos2d - A framework for building 2D games, demos, and other graphical/interactive applications.
• Harfang3D - Python framework for 3D, VR and game development.
• Panda3D - 3D game engine developed by Disney.
• Pygame - Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games.
• PyOgre - Python bindings for the Ogre 3D render engine, can be used for games, simulations, anything 3D.
• PyOpenGL - Python ctypes bindings for OpenGL and it’s related APIs.
• PySDL2 - A ctypes based wrapper for the SDL2 library.
• RenPy - A Visual Novel engine.

Geolocation

Libraries for geocoding addresses and working with latitudes and longitudes.

• django-countries - A Django app that provides a country field for models and forms.
• geodjango - A world-class geographic web framework.
• geojson - Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON.
• geopandas - Python tools for geographic data (GeoSeries/GeoDataFrame) built on pandas.
• geopy - Python Geocoding Toolbox.

HTML Manipulation

Libraries for working with HTML and XML.

• beautifulsoup - Providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying HTML or XML.
• cssutils - A CSS library for Python.
• html5lib - A standards-compliant library for parsing and serializing HTML documents and fragments.
• JustHTML - A pure Python HTML5 parser that just works.
• lxml - A very fast, easy-to-use and versatile library for handling HTML and XML.
• markupsafe - Implements a XML/HTML/XHTML Markup safe string for Python.
• pyquery - A jQuery-like library for parsing HTML.
• untangle - Converts XML documents to Python objects for easy access.
• WeasyPrint - A visual rendering engine for HTML and CSS that can export to PDF.
• xmldataset - Simple XML Parsing.
• xmltodict - Working with XML feel like you are working with JSON.

HTTP Clients

Libraries for working with HTTP.

• httpx - A next generation HTTP client for Python.
• requests - HTTP Requests for Humans.
• treq - Python requests like API built on top of Twisted’s HTTP client.
• urllib3 - A HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, sanity friendly.

Hardware

Libraries for programming with hardware.

• bleak - A cross platform Bluetooth Low Energy Client for Python using asyncio.
• mouse - Hook and simulate global mouse events on Windows and Linux.
• pynput - A library to control and monitor input devices.
• scapy - A brilliant packet manipulation library.

Image Processing

Libraries for manipulating images.

• pillow - Pillow is the friendly PIL fork.
• pymatting - A library for alpha matting.
• python-barcode - Create barcodes in Python with no extra dependencies.
• python-qrcode - A pure Python QR Code generator.
• pyvips - A fast image processing library with low memory needs.
• quads - Computer art based on quadtrees.
• scikit-image - A Python library for (scientific) image processing.
• thumbor - A smart imaging service. It enables on-demand crop, re-sizing and flipping of images.
• wand - Python bindings for MagickWand, C API for ImageMagick.

Implementations

Implementations of Python.

• clpython - Implementation of the Python programming language written in Common Lisp.
• cpython - Default, most widely used implementation of the Python programming language written in C.
• cython - Optimizing Static Compiler for Python.
• ironpython - Implementation of the Python programming language written in C#.
• micropython - A lean and efficient Python programming language implementation.
• numba - Python JIT compiler to LLVM aimed at scientific Python.
• peachpy - x86-64 assembler embedded in Python.
• pypy - A very fast and compliant implementation of the Python language.
• pyston - A Python implementation using JIT techniques.

Interactive Interpreter

Interactive Python interpreters (REPL).

• bpython - A fancy interface to the Python interpreter.
• Jupyter Notebook (IPython) - A rich toolkit to help you make the most out of using Python interactively.
  • awesome-jupyter
• marimo - Transform data and train models, feels like a next-gen notebook, stored as Git-friendly Python.
• ptpython - Advanced Python REPL built on top of the python-prompt-toolkit.

Internationalization

Libraries for working with i18n.

• Babel - An internationalization library for Python.

Job Scheduler

Libraries for scheduling jobs.

• Airflow - Airflow is a platform to programmatically author, schedule and monitor workflows.
• APScheduler - A light but powerful in-process task scheduler that lets you schedule functions.
• django-schedule - A calendaring app for Django.
• doit - A task runner and build tool.
• Joblib - A set of tools to provide lightweight pipelining in Python.
• Plan - Writing crontab file in Python like a charm.
• Prefect - A modern workflow orchestration framework that makes it easy to build, schedule and monitor robust data pipelines.
• schedule - Python job scheduling for humans.
• Spiff - A powerful workflow engine implemented in pure Python.
• TaskFlow - A Python library that helps to make task execution easy, consistent and reliable.

Logging

Libraries for generating and working with logs.

• logbook - Logging replacement for Python.
• logging - (Python standard library) Logging facility for Python.
• loguru - Library which aims to bring enjoyable logging in Python.
• sentry-python - Sentry SDK for Python.
• structlog - Structured logging made easy.

Machine Learning

Libraries for Machine Learning. Also see awesome-machine-learning.

• diffusers - A library that provides pretrained diffusion models for generating and editing images, audio, and video.
• gym - A toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms.
• Feature-engine - sklearn compatible API with the widest toolset for feature engineering and selection.
• H2O - Open Source Fast Scalable Machine Learning Platform.
• Instructor - A library for extracting structured data from LLMs, powered by Pydantic.
• LangChain - Building applications with LLMs through composability.
• LlamaIndex - A data framework for your LLM application.
• Metrics - Machine learning evaluation metrics.
• MindsDB - MindsDB is an open source AI layer for existing databases that allows you to effortlessly develop, train and deploy state-of-the-art machine learning models using standard queries.
• PraisonAI - Production-ready Multi-AI Agents framework with self-reflection, 100+ LLM support, MCP integration, and agentic workflows.
• pydantic-ai - A Python agent framework for building generative AI applications with structured schemas.
• RAGFlow - An open-source RAG engine for document understanding and question answering with LLMs.
• rasa - An open-source machine learning framework for automated text and voice-based conversations.
• scikit-learn - The most popular Python library for Machine Learning with extensive documentation and community support.
• Spark ML - Apache Spark‘s scalable Machine Learning library for distributed computing.
• Transformers - A framework that lets you easily use pretrained transformer models for NLP, vision, and audio tasks.
• xgboost - A scalable, portable, and distributed gradient boosting library.

Microsoft Windows

Python programming on Microsoft Windows.

• PythonNet - Python Integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR).
• PyWin32 - Python Extensions for Windows.
• WinPython - Portable development environment for Windows 10/11.

Miscellaneous

Useful libraries or tools that don’t fit in the categories above.

• blinker - A fast Python in-process signal/event dispatching system.
• boltons - A set of pure-Python utilities.
• itsdangerous - Various helpers to pass trusted data to untrusted environments.
• pluginbase - A simple but flexible plugin system for Python.
• tryton - A general-purpose business framework.

Natural Language Processing

Libraries for working with human languages.

• General
  • gensim - Topic Modeling for Humans.
  • langid.py - Stand-alone language identification system.
  • nltk - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data.
  • pattern - A web mining module.
  • polyglot - Natural language pipeline supporting hundreds of languages.
  • spacy - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython.
  • Stanza - The Stanford NLP Group’s official Python library, supporting 60+ languages.
• Chinese
  • funNLP - A collection of tools and datasets for Chinese NLP.
  • jieba - The most popular Chinese text segmentation library.
  • pkuseg-python - A toolkit for Chinese word segmentation in various domains.
  • snownlp - A library for processing Chinese text.

Network Virtualization

Tools and libraries for Virtual Networking and SDN (Software Defined Networking).

• mininet - A popular network emulator and API written in Python.
• napalm - Cross-vendor API to manipulate network devices.
• pox - A Python-based SDN control applications, such as OpenFlow SDN controllers.

ORM

Libraries that implement Object-Relational Mapping or data mapping techniques.

• Relational Databases
  • Django Models - The Django ORM.
  • SQLAlchemy - The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper.
    • awesome-sqlalchemy
  • dataset - Store Python dicts in a database - works with SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
  • peewee - A small, expressive ORM.
  • pony - ORM that provides a generator-oriented interface to SQL.
  • pydal - A pure Python Database Abstraction Layer.
  • SQLModel - SQLModel is based on Python type annotations, and powered by Pydantic and SQLAlchemy.
• NoSQL Databases
  • mongoengine - A Python Object-Document-Mapper for working with MongoDB.
  • ODMantic - Sync and Async ODM for MongoDB built on top of Pydantic for model definition and validation.
  • PynamoDB - A Pythonic interface for Amazon DynamoDB.

Package Management

Libraries for package and dependency management.

• pip - The package installer for Python.
  • pip-tools - A set of tools to keep your pinned Python dependencies fresh.
• conda - Cross-platform, Python-agnostic binary package manager.
• hatch - Modern, extensible Python project management.
• poetry - Python dependency management and packaging made easy.
• uv - An extremely fast Python package and project manager, written in Rust.

Package Repositories

Local PyPI repository server and proxies.

• bandersnatch - PyPI mirroring tool provided by Python Packaging Authority (PyPA).
• devpi - PyPI server and packaging/testing/release tool.
• warehouse - Next generation Python Package Repository (PyPI).

Penetration Testing

Frameworks and tools for penetration testing.

• fsociety - A Penetration testing framework.
• setoolkit - A toolkit for social engineering.
• sherlock - Hunt down social media accounts by username across social networks.
• sqlmap - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool.

Permissions

Libraries that allow or deny users access to data or functionality.

• django-guardian - Implementation of per object permissions for Django 1.2+
• django-rules - A tiny but powerful app providing object-level permissions to Django, without requiring a database.

Processes

Libraries for starting and communicating with OS processes.

• delegator.py - Subprocesses for Humans 2.0.
• sarge - Yet another wrapper for subprocess.
• sh - A full-fledged subprocess replacement for Python.

Quantum Computing

Libraries for quantum computing.

• Cirq — A Google-developed framework focused on hardware-aware quantum circuit design for NISQ devices.
• PennyLane — A hybrid quantum-classical machine learning library with automatic differentiation support.
• Qiskit — An IBM-backed quantum SDK for building, simulating, and running circuits on real quantum hardware.
• QuTiP - Quantum Toolbox in Python.

Recommender Systems

Libraries for building recommender systems.

• annoy - Approximate Nearest Neighbors in C++/Python optimized for memory usage.
• fastFM - A library for Factorization Machines.
• implicit - A fast Python implementation of collaborative filtering for implicit datasets.
• lightfm - A Python implementation of a number of popular recommendation algorithms.
• spotlight - Deep recommender models using PyTorch.
• Surprise - A scikit for building and analyzing recommender systems.
• tensorrec - A Recommendation Engine Framework in TensorFlow.

Refactoring

Refactoring tools and libraries for Python.

• Bowler - Safe code refactoring for modern Python.
• Rope - Rope is a python refactoring library.

RESTful API

Libraries for building RESTful APIs.

• Django
  • django-rest-framework - A powerful and flexible toolkit to build web APIs.
  • django-tastypie - Creating delicious APIs for Django apps.
• Flask
  • eve - REST API framework powered by Flask, MongoDB and good intentions.
  • flask-api - Browsable Web APIs for Flask.
  • flask-restful - Quickly building REST APIs for Flask.
• Pyramid
  • cornice - A RESTful framework for Pyramid.
• Framework agnostic
  • falcon - A high-performance framework for building cloud APIs and web app backends.
  • fastapi - A modern, fast, web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.
  • hug - A Python 3 framework for cleanly exposing APIs.
  • sandman2 - Automated REST APIs for existing database-driven systems.
  • sanic - A Python 3.6+ web server and web framework that’s written to go fast.

Robotics

Libraries for robotics.

• PythonRobotics - This is a compilation of various robotics algorithms with visualizations.

RPC Servers

RPC-compatible servers.

• RPyC (Remote Python Call) - A transparent and symmetric RPC library for Python
• zeroRPC - zerorpc is a flexible RPC implementation based on ZeroMQ and MessagePack.

Science

Libraries for scientific computing. Also see Python-for-Scientists.

• astropy - A community Python library for Astronomy.
• bcbio-nextgen - Providing best-practice pipelines for fully automated high throughput sequencing analysis.
• bcbb - Collection of useful code related to biological analysis.
• Biopython - Biopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation.
• cclib - A library for parsing and interpreting the results of computational chemistry packages.
• Colour - Implementing a comprehensive number of colour theory transformations and algorithms.
• Karate Club - Unsupervised machine learning toolbox for graph structured data.
• manim - An animation engine for explanatory math videos.
• NetworkX - A high-productivity software for complex networks.
• NIPY - A collection of neuroimaging toolkits.
• NumPy - A fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
• ObsPy - A Python toolbox for seismology.
• Open Babel - A chemical toolbox designed to speak the many languages of chemical data.
• PathSim - A block-based system modeling and simulation framework with a browser-based visual editor.
• PyDy - Short for Python Dynamics, used to assist with workflow in the modeling of dynamic motion.
• PyMC - Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling toolkit.
• RDKit - Cheminformatics and Machine Learning Software.
• SciPy - A Python-based ecosystem of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering.
• shapely - Manipulation and analysis of geometric objects in the Cartesian plane.
• SimPy - A process-based discrete-event simulation framework.
• statsmodels - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python.
• SymPy - A Python library for symbolic mathematics.
• Zipline - A Pythonic algorithmic trading library.

Search

Libraries and software for indexing and performing search queries on data.

• django-haystack - Modular search for Django.
• elasticsearch-dsl-py - The official high-level Python client for Elasticsearch.
• elasticsearch-py - The official low-level Python client for Elasticsearch.
• pysolr - A lightweight Python wrapper for Apache Solr.
• whoosh - A fast, pure Python search engine library.

Serialization

Libraries for serializing complex data types.

• marshmallow - A lightweight library for converting complex objects to and from simple Python datatypes.
• orjson - Fast, correct JSON library.
• pysimdjson - A Python bindings for simdjson.
• python-rapidjson - A Python wrapper around RapidJSON.
• toonify - A compact, human-readable serialization format that reduces LLM token usage by 30-60% compared to JSON.
• ultrajson - A fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings.

Serverless Frameworks

Frameworks for developing serverless Python code.

• python-lambda - A toolkit for developing and deploying Python code in AWS Lambda.
• Zappa - A tool for deploying WSGI applications on AWS Lambda and API Gateway.

Shell

Shells built with Python.

• xonsh - A Python-powered shell. Full-featured and cross-platform.

Specific Formats Processing

Libraries for parsing and manipulating specific text formats.

• General
  • kreuzberg - High-performance document extraction library with a Rust core, supporting 62+ formats including PDF, Office, images with OCR, HTML, email, and archives.
  • tablib - A module for Tabular Datasets in XLS, CSV, JSON, YAML.
• Office
  • docxtpl - Editing a docx document by jinja2 template
  • openpyxl - A library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.
  • pyexcel - Providing one API for reading, manipulating and writing csv, ods, xls, xlsx and xlsm files.
  • python-docx - Reads, queries and modifies Microsoft Word 2007/2008 docx files.
  • python-pptx - Python library for creating and updating PowerPoint (.pptx) files.
  • XlsxWriter - A Python module for creating Excel .xlsx files.
  • xlwings - A BSD-licensed library that makes it easy to call Python from Excel and vice versa.
• PDF
  • pdf_oxide - A fast PDF library for text extraction, image extraction, and markdown conversion, powered by Rust.
  • pdfminer.six - Pdfminer.six is a community maintained fork of the original PDFMiner.
  • pikepdf - A powerful library for reading and editing PDF files, based on qpdf.
  • PyPDF2 - A library capable of splitting, merging and transforming PDF pages.
  • ReportLab - Allowing Rapid creation of rich PDF documents.
• Markdown
  • Jimmy - Convert your notes to Markdown.
  • Mistune - Fastest and full featured pure Python parsers of Markdown.
  • Python-Markdown - A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown.
• YAML
  • PyYAML - YAML implementations for Python.
• CSV
  • csvkit - Utilities for converting to and working with CSV.
• Archive
  • unp - A command line tool that can unpack archives easily.

Static Site Generator

Static site generator is a software that takes some text + templates as input and produces HTML files on the output.

• lektor - An easy to use static CMS and blog engine.
• makesite - Simple, lightweight, and magic-free static site/blog generator (< 130 lines).
• mkdocs - Markdown friendly documentation generator.
• nikola - A static website and blog generator.
• pelican - Static site generator that supports Markdown and reST syntax.

Task Queues

Libraries for working with task queues.

• celery - An asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing.
• dramatiq - A fast and reliable background task processing library for Python 3.
• huey - Little multi-threaded task queue.
• mrq - A distributed worker task queue in Python using Redis & gevent.
• rq - Simple job queues for Python.

Template Engine

Libraries and tools for templating and lexing.

• Genshi - Python templating toolkit for generation of web-aware output.
• Jinja2 - A modern and designer friendly templating language.
• Mako - Hyperfast and lightweight templating for the Python platform.

Testing

Libraries for testing codebases and generating test data.

• Testing Frameworks
  • hypothesis - Hypothesis is an advanced Quickcheck style property based testing library.
  • nose2 - The successor to nose, based on `unittest2.
  • pytest - A mature full-featured Python testing tool.
  • Robot Framework - A generic test automation framework.
  • ScanAPI - Automated Testing and Documentation for your REST API.
  • unittest - (Python standard library) Unit testing framework.
• Test Runners
  • green - A clean, colorful test runner.
  • mamba - The definitive testing tool for Python. Born under the banner of BDD.
  • tox - Auto builds and tests distributions in multiple Python versions
• GUI / Web Testing
  • locust - Scalable user load testing tool written in Python.
  • PyAutoGUI - PyAutoGUI is a cross-platform GUI automation Python module for human beings.
  • Schemathesis - A tool for automatic property-based testing of web applications built with Open API / Swagger specifications.
  • Selenium - Python bindings for Selenium WebDriver.
  • splinter - Open source tool for testing web applications.
• Mock
  • doublex - Powerful test doubles framework for Python.
  • freezegun - Travel through time by mocking the datetime module.
  • httmock - A mocking library for requests for Python 2.6+ and 3.2+.
  • httpretty - HTTP request mock tool for Python.
  • mock - (Python standard library) A mocking and patching library.
  • mocket - A socket mock framework with gevent/asyncio/SSL support.
  • responses - A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library.
  • VCR.py - Record and replay HTTP interactions on your tests.
• Object Factories
  • factory_boy - A test fixtures replacement for Python.
  • mixer - Another fixtures replacement. Supports Django, Flask, SQLAlchemy, Peewee and etc.
  • polyfactory - mock data generation library with support to classes (continuation of pydantic-factories)
• Code Coverage
  • coverage - Code coverage measurement.
• Fake Data
  • faker - A Python package that generates fake data.
  • mimesis - is a Python library that help you generate fake data.

Text Processing

Libraries for parsing and manipulating plain texts.

• General
  • chardet - Python 2/3 compatible character encoding detector.
  • difflib - (Python standard library) Helpers for computing deltas.
  • ftfy - Makes Unicode text less broken and more consistent automagically.
  • Levenshtein - Fast computation of Levenshtein distance and string similarity.
  • pangu.py - Paranoid text spacing.
  • pyfiglet - An implementation of figlet written in Python.
  • pypinyin - Convert Chinese hanzi (漢字) to pinyin (拼音).
  • textdistance - Compute distance between sequences with 30+ algorithms.
  • unidecode - ASCII transliterations of Unicode text.
• Slugify
  • awesome-slugify - A Python slugify library that can preserve unicode.
  • python-slugify - A Python slugify library that translates unicode to ASCII.
  • unicode-slugify - A slugifier that generates unicode slugs with Django as a dependency.
• Unique identifiers
  • hashids - Implementation of hashids in Python.
  • shortuuid - A generator library for concise, unambiguous and URL-safe UUIDs.
• Parser
  • pygments - A generic syntax highlighter.
  • pyparsing - A general purpose framework for generating parsers.
  • python-nameparser - Parsing human names into their individual components.
  • python-phonenumbers - Parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers.
  • python-user-agents - Browser user agent parser.
  • sqlparse - A non-validating SQL parser.

URL Manipulation

Libraries for parsing URLs.

• furl - A small Python library that makes parsing and manipulating URLs easy.
• purl - A simple, immutable URL class with a clean API for interrogation and manipulation.
• webargs - A friendly library for parsing HTTP request arguments with built-in support for popular web frameworks.

Video

Libraries for manipulating video and GIFs.

• moviepy - A module for script-based movie editing with many formats, including animated GIFs.
• scikit-video - Video processing routines for SciPy.
• vidgear - Most Powerful multi-threaded Video Processing framework.

Web Asset Management

Tools for managing, compressing and minifying website assets.

• django-compressor - Compresses linked and inline JavaScript or CSS into a single cached file.
• django-pipeline - An asset packaging library for Django.
• django-storages - A collection of custom storage back ends for Django.
• fanstatic - Packages, optimizes, and serves static file dependencies as Python packages.
• flask-assets - Helps you integrate webassets into your Flask app.
• webassets - Bundles, optimizes, and manages unique cache-busting URLs for static resources.

Web Content Extracting

Libraries for extracting web contents.

• html2text - Convert HTML to Markdown-formatted text.
• lassie - Web Content Retrieval for Humans.
• micawber - A small library for extracting rich content from URLs.
• newspaper - News extraction, article extraction and content curation in Python.
• python-readability - Fast Python port of arc90’s readability tool.
• requests-html - Pythonic HTML Parsing for Humans.
• sumy - A module for automatic summarization of text documents and HTML pages.
• textract - Extract text from any document, Word, PowerPoint, PDFs, etc.
• toapi - Every web site provides APIs.

Web Crawling

Libraries to automate web scraping.

• browser-use - Make websites accessible for AI agents with easy browser automation.
• feedparser - Universal feed parser.
• grab - Site scraping framework.
• mechanicalsoup - A Python library for automating interaction with websites.
• scrapy - A fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework.

Web Frameworks

Traditional full stack web frameworks. Also see RESTful API.

• Synchronous
  • django - The most popular web framework in Python.
    • awesome-django
  • flask - A microframework for Python.
    • awesome-flask
  • pyramid - A small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework.
    • awesome-pyramid
  • fastHTML - The fastest way to create an HTML app.
    • awesome-fasthtml
  • masonite - The modern and developer centric Python web framework.
• Asynchronous
  • Litestar - Production-ready, capable and extensible ASGI Web framework.
  • microdot - The impossibly small web framework for Python and MicroPython.
  • reflex – A framework for building reactive, full-stack web applications entirely with python .
  • tornado - A web framework and asynchronous networking library.

WebSocket

Libraries for working with WebSocket.

• autobahn-python - WebSocket & WAMP for Python on Twisted and asyncio.
• channels - Developer-friendly asynchrony for Django.
• websockets - A library for building WebSocket servers and clients with a focus on correctness and simplicity.

WSGI Servers

WSGI-compatible web servers.

• gunicorn - Pre-forked, ported from Ruby’s Unicorn project.
• uwsgi - A project aims at developing a full stack for building hosting services, written in C.
• waitress - Multi-threaded, powers Pyramid.
• werkzeug - A WSGI utility library for Python that powers Flask and can easily be embedded into your own projects.

Resources

Where to discover learning resources or new Python libraries.

Newsletters

• Awesome Python Newsletter
• Pycoder’s Weekly
• Python Tricks
• Python Weekly

Podcasts

• Django Chat
• PyPodcats
• Python Bytes
• Python Test
• Talk Python To Me
• The Real Python Podcast

Contributing

Your contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the contribution guidelines first.

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If you have any question about this opinionated list, do not hesitate to contact @VintaChen on Twitter.