MarkItDown

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[!IMPORTANT] MarkItDown performs I/O with the privileges of the current process. Like open() or requests.get(), it will access resources that the process itself can access. Sanitize your inputs in untrusted environments, and call the narrowest convert_* function needed for your use case (e.g., convert_stream(), or convert_local()). See the Security Considerations section of the documentation for more information.

MarkItDown is a lightweight Python utility for converting various files to Markdown for use with LLMs and related text analysis pipelines. To this end, it is most comparable to textract, but with a focus on preserving important document structure and content as Markdown (including: headings, lists, tables, links, etc.) While the output is often reasonably presentable and human-friendly, it is meant to be consumed by text analysis tools – and may not be the best option for high-fidelity document conversions for human consumption.

MarkItDown currently supports the conversion from:

PDF
PowerPoint
Word
Excel
Images (EXIF metadata and captioning)
Audio (EXIF metadata and speech transcription)
HTML
Text-based formats (CSV, JSON, XML)
ZIP files (iterates over contents)
YouTube URLs
EPubs
… and more!

NOTE: Image captioning and speech transcription rely on web-hosted services.

Why Markdown?

Markdown is extremely close to plain text, with minimal markup or formatting, but still provides a way to represent important document structure. Mainstream LLMs, such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o, natively “speak“ Markdown, and often incorporate Markdown into their responses unprompted. This suggests that they have been trained on vast amounts of Markdown-formatted text, and understand it well. As a side benefit, Markdown conventions are also highly token-efficient.

Prerequisites

MarkItDown requires Python 3.10 through 3.14. It is recommended to use a virtual environment to avoid dependency conflicts.

With the standard Python installation, you can create and activate a virtual environment using the following commands:

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate

If using uv, you can create a virtual environment with:

uv venv --python=3.12 .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
# NOTE: Be sure to use 'uv pip install' rather than just 'pip install' to install packages in this virtual environment

If you are using Anaconda, you can create a virtual environment with:

conda create -n markitdown python=3.12
conda activate markitdown

Installation

To install MarkItDown, use pip: pip install 'markitdown[all]'. Alternatively, you can install it from the source:

git clone git@github.com:microsoft/markitdown.git
cd markitdown
pip install -e 'packages/markitdown[all]'

Usage

Command-Line

markitdown path-to-file.pdf > document.md

Or use -o to specify the output file:

markitdown path-to-file.pdf -o document.md

You can also pipe content:

cat path-to-file.pdf | markitdown

Optional Dependencies

MarkItDown has optional dependencies for activating various file formats. Earlier in this document, we installed all optional dependencies with the [all] option. However, you can also install them individually for more control. For example:

pip install 'markitdown[pdf, docx, pptx]'

will install only the dependencies for PDF, DOCX, and PPTX files.

At the moment, the following optional dependencies are available:

[all] Installs all optional dependencies
[pptx] Installs dependencies for PowerPoint files
[docx] Installs dependencies for Word files
[xlsx] Installs dependencies for Excel files
[xls] Installs dependencies for older Excel files
[pdf] Installs dependencies for PDF files
[outlook] Installs dependencies for Outlook messages
[az-doc-intel] Installs dependencies for Azure Document Intelligence
[az-content-understanding] Installs dependencies for Azure Content Understanding
[audio-transcription] Installs dependencies for audio transcription of wav and mp3 files
[youtube-transcription] Installs dependencies for fetching YouTube video transcription

Plugins

MarkItDown also supports 3rd-party plugins. Plugins are disabled by default. To list installed plugins:

markitdown --list-plugins

To enable plugins use:

markitdown --use-plugins path-to-file.pdf

To find available plugins, search GitHub for the hashtag #markitdown-plugin. To develop a plugin, see packages/markitdown-sample-plugin.

markitdown-ocr Plugin

The markitdown-ocr plugin adds OCR support to PDF, DOCX, PPTX, and XLSX converters, extracting text from embedded images using LLM Vision — the same llm_client / llm_model pattern that MarkItDown already uses for image descriptions. No new ML libraries or binary dependencies required.

Installation:

pip install markitdown-ocr
pip install openai  # or any OpenAI-compatible client

Usage:

Pass the same llm_client and llm_model you would use for image descriptions:

from markitdown import MarkItDown
from openai import OpenAI

md = MarkItDown(
    enable_plugins=True,
    llm_client=OpenAI(),
    llm_model="gpt-4o",
)
result = md.convert("document_with_images.pdf")
print(result.markdown)

If no llm_client is provided the plugin still loads, but OCR is silently skipped and the standard built-in converter is used instead.

See packages/markitdown-ocr/README.md for detailed documentation.

Azure Content Understanding

Azure Content Understanding provides higher-quality conversion with structured field extraction (YAML front matter), multi-modal support (documents, images, audio, video), and configurable analyzers.

Install: pip install 'markitdown[az-content-understanding]'

When to use Content Understanding

Content Understanding is ideal when you need capabilities beyond what built-in or Document Intelligence converters provide:

Audio and video files — CU is the only option for video, and the higher-quality cloud option for audio. Built-in converters have no video support and only basic audio transcription.
Structured field extraction — Prebuilt or custom-built analyzers extract domain-specific fields (invoice amounts, receipt dates, contract clauses) serialized as YAML front matter. Neither built-in nor Doc Intel integration exposes fields.
Higher-quality document extraction — Cloud-based layout analysis and OCR for scanned PDFs, complex tables, and multi-page documents.
Single API for all modalities — One cu_endpoint handles documents, images, audio, and video with automatic analyzer routing.

Capability	Built-in converters	Azure Document Intelligence	Azure Content Understanding
Document conversion	Offline, format-specific extraction	Cloud layout extraction	Cloud multimodal extraction
Structured fields	Not available	YAML front matter from model or query fields	YAML front matter from analyzer fields
Custom analyzers/models	Not available	Supported with `docintel_model_id`	Supported with `cu_analyzer_id`
Audio and video	Basic audio, no video	Not supported	Audio and video analyzers
Cost	Local compute only	Billable Azure API calls	Billable Azure API calls

CLI:

markitdown path-to-file.pdf --use-cu --cu-endpoint "<content_understanding_endpoint>"

The endpoint can also be set once in the environment, so callers only need --use-cu:

export MARKITDOWN_CU_ENDPOINT="<content_understanding_endpoint>"
markitdown path-to-file.pdf --use-cu

Python API:

from markitdown import MarkItDown

# Zero-config — auto-selects analyzer per file type
md = MarkItDown(cu_endpoint="<content_understanding_endpoint>")
result = md.convert("report.pdf")   # documents → prebuilt-documentSearch
result = md.convert("meeting.mp4")  # video → prebuilt-videoSearch
result = md.convert("call.wav")     # audio → prebuilt-audioSearch
print(result.markdown)

With a custom analyzer (for domain-specific field extraction):

md = MarkItDown(
    cu_endpoint="<content_understanding_endpoint>",
    cu_analyzer_id="my-invoice-analyzer",
)
result = md.convert("invoice.pdf")
print(result.markdown)
# Output includes YAML front matter with extracted fields:
# ---
# contentType: document
# fields:
#   VendorName: CONTOSO LTD.
#   InvoiceDate: '2019-11-15'
# ---
# <!-- page 1 -->
# ...

When cu_analyzer_id is set, the converter automatically scopes it to compatible file types based on the analyzer’s modality. Incompatible types (e.g., audio files with a document analyzer) auto-route to default prebuilt analyzers.

Cost note: Each convert() call for a CU-routed format is a billable Azure API call. Use cu_file_types to restrict which formats route to CU:

from markitdown.converters import ContentUnderstandingFileType

md = MarkItDown(
    cu_endpoint="<content_understanding_endpoint>",
    cu_file_types=[ContentUnderstandingFileType.PDF],  # only PDFs use CU
)

More information about Azure Content Understanding can be found here.

Azure Document Intelligence

To use Microsoft Document Intelligence for conversion:

export AZURE_API_KEY="<document_intelligence_api_key>"
markitdown path-to-file.pdf -o document.md -d -e "<document_intelligence_endpoint>"

The endpoint can also be set once in the environment, so callers only need -d:

export MARKITDOWN_DOCINTEL_ENDPOINT="<document_intelligence_endpoint>"
markitdown path-to-file.pdf -o document.md -d

If AZURE_API_KEY is not set, MarkItDown uses DefaultAzureCredential.

Select a model, configure analysis add-ons, or request fields from the CLI:

markitdown document.pdf --use-docintel \
  --endpoint "<document_intelligence_endpoint>" \
  --docintel-model-id prebuilt-layout \
  --docintel-features "ocrHighResolution,styleFont" \
  --docintel-query-fields "Title,Author"

No analysis add-ons are enabled by default. Use --docintel-features to opt in, or --docintel-features none to explicitly request no add-ons. Analysis add-ons and query fields apply only to OCR-supported inputs such as PDFs and images.

Available feature values are barcodes, formulas, keyValuePairs, languages, ocrHighResolution, and styleFont. The formulas, ocrHighResolution, and styleFont features incur additional charges, as does the queryFields add-on, which is priced differently from the other add-ons. See the Document Intelligence add-on documentation and pricing for details.

More information about how to set up an Azure Document Intelligence Resource can be found here

Python API

Basic usage in Python:

from markitdown import MarkItDown

md = MarkItDown(enable_plugins=False) # Set to True to enable plugins
result = md.convert("test.xlsx")
print(result.markdown)

Document Intelligence conversion in Python using an API key:

from azure.core.credentials import AzureKeyCredential
from markitdown import MarkItDown

md = MarkItDown(
    docintel_endpoint="<document_intelligence_endpoint>",
    docintel_credential=AzureKeyCredential("<document_intelligence_api_key>"),
)
result = md.convert("test.pdf")
print(result.markdown)

Omit docintel_credential to use AZURE_API_KEY when it is set, or DefaultAzureCredential otherwise.

Configure the model, analysis add-ons, and structured query fields:

from azure.ai.documentintelligence.models import DocumentAnalysisFeature
from markitdown import MarkItDown

md = MarkItDown(
    docintel_endpoint="<document_intelligence_endpoint>",
    docintel_model_id="prebuilt-layout",
    docintel_features=[
        DocumentAnalysisFeature.OCR_HIGH_RESOLUTION,
        DocumentAnalysisFeature.STYLE_FONT,
    ],
    docintel_query_fields=["Title", "Author"],
)
result = md.convert("test.pdf")
print(result.markdown)

Omit docintel_features or set docintel_features=[] to request no analysis add-ons. When query fields are provided, MarkItDown automatically enables the required queryFields add-on. Models that return structured fields prepend them to the Markdown as YAML front matter. A single document uses a top-level fields mapping. When the service returns multiple documents, the front matter instead contains a documents list in service order, with a separate fields mapping for each document. Documents without extracted fields retain an empty mapping in that list; no front matter is emitted when all documents have empty fields. Selection groups are represented as lists of selected values.

To use Large Language Models for image descriptions (currently only for pptx and image files), provide llm_client and llm_model:

from markitdown import MarkItDown
from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(max_retries=5)
md = MarkItDown(llm_client=client, llm_model="gpt-4o", llm_prompt="optional custom prompt")
result = md.convert("example.jpg")
print(result.markdown)

max_retries controls the OpenAI client’s automatic retries for retryable errors (the default is 2); 5 allows up to six attempts with backoff. See the OpenAI SDK retry documentation.

If any attempt succeeds, image conversion continues normally. If the client raises an error after exhausting its retries, or encounters a non-retryable error, MarkItDown tries other applicable converters and raises FileConversionException only if none succeeds.

Docker

docker build -t markitdown:latest .
docker run --rm -i markitdown:latest < ~/your-file.pdf > output.md

Contributing

Before starting significant work, please read What to Contribute, which describes what is in and out of scope for this repository.

This project welcomes contributions and suggestions. Most contributions require you to agree to a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) declaring that you have the right to, and actually do, grant us the rights to use your contribution. For details, visit https://cla.opensource.microsoft.com.

When you submit a pull request, a CLA bot will automatically determine whether you need to provide a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., status check, comment). Simply follow the instructions provided by the bot. You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.

This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.

What to Contribute

MarkItDown is a Python utility for converting files to Markdown for use with LLMs and related text analysis pipelines. This repository is intended to provide Python libraries that can be incorporated into other systems — not the end-user applications built on top of them.

In scope

Improvements to the fidelity of existing converters (New formats are added sparingly – especially if they incur new dependencies. In most cases, new formats can be better supported via 3rd-party plugins.)
Bug fixes, performance improvements, and security fixes
The markitdown command-line interface
The markitdown-mcp package
Tests, documentation, and developer tooling

Out of scope

We cannot accept additional applications, services, or servers. This includes:

Web servers, REST or HTTP APIs, and hosted conversion services
Web frontends and browser-based user interfaces
Desktop and mobile applications (PyQt, PySide, Tkinter, Electron, Flutter, and similar)

Projects like these are genuinely useful, and we would rather see them thrive than be turned away. If you are interested in providing a web service, API, or graphical application for MarkItDown, please maintain it as a separate package or project that depends on markitdown from PyPI.

Extending MarkItDown Without Changing This Repository

MarkItDown supports 3rd-party plugins, so support for a new format can be published and installed independently of this repository:

markitdown --list-plugins
markitdown --use-plugins path-to-file.pdf

See packages/markitdown-sample-plugin to get started, and tag your repository #markitdown-plugin so that others can find it.

How to Contribute

You can help by looking at issues or helping review PRs. We have also marked some issues as ‘open for contribution’ and PRs as ‘open for reviewing’ to help facilitate community contributions. These labels are suggestions; contributions within the scope described above are welcome.

	All	Especially Needs Help from Community
Issues	All Issues	Issues open for contribution
PRs	All PRs	PRs open for reviewing

Running Tests and Checks

Navigate to the MarkItDown package:
```
cd packages/markitdown
```

Install hatch in your environment and run tests:

pip install hatch  # Other ways of installing hatch: https://hatch.pypa.io/dev/install/
hatch shell
hatch test

(Alternative) Use the Devcontainer which has all the dependencies installed:

# Reopen the project in Devcontainer and run:
hatch test

Run pre-commit checks before submitting a PR: pre-commit run --all-files

Security Considerations

MarkItDown performs I/O with the privileges of the current process. Like open() or requests.get(), it will access resources that the process itself can access.

Sanitize your inputs: Do not pass untrusted input directly to MarkItDown. If any part of the input may be controlled by an untrusted user or system, such as in hosted or server-side applications, it must be validated and restricted before calling MarkItDown. Depending on your environment, this may include restricting file paths, limiting URI schemes and network destinations, and blocking access to private, loopback, link-local, or metadata-service addresses.

Call only the conversion method you need: Prefer the narrowest conversion API that fits your use case. MarkItDown’s convert() method is intentionally permissive and can handle local files, remote URIs, and byte streams. If your application only needs to read local files, call convert_local() instead. If you need more control over URI fetching, call requests.get() yourself and pass the response object to convert_response(). For maximum control, open a stream to the input you want converted and call convert_stream().

Additionally, image captioning, speech transcription, Azure Document Intelligence, and Azure Content Understanding rely on web-hosted services to function. For local-only operations, install only the optional dependencies that you need and want to use.

Trademarks

This project may contain trademarks or logos for projects, products, or services. Authorized use of Microsoft trademarks or logos is subject to and must follow Microsoft’s Trademark & Brand Guidelines. Use of Microsoft trademarks or logos in modified versions of this project must not cause confusion or imply Microsoft sponsorship. Any use of third-party trademarks or logos are subject to those third-party’s policies.