A general metagenomics data mining system focus on robust microbiome research.

Overview

MAG workflow (WIP figure)

Installation

metapi works with Python 3.7+. You can install it via bioconda:

# It is recommended to install the latest version
➤ mamba install -c conda-forge -c bioconda metapi=3.0.0

or install latest version using git:

➤ mamba create -n metapi-env python=3.10 snakemake fd-find seqkit seqtk ruamel.yaml pandas numpy natsort openpyxl biopython seaborn matplotlib executor

➤ git clone https://github.com/ohmeta/metapi

➤ echo "export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/metapi:$PYTHONPATH" >> ~/.bashrc                  # if you use bash
➤ echo "export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/metapi:$PYTHONPATH" >> ~/.zshrc                   # if you use zsh 
➤ echo "set -x PYTHONPATH /path/to/metapi $PYTHONPATH" >> ~/.config/fish/config.fish # if you use fish

➤ mamba activate metapi-env
➤ python /path/to/metapi/run_metapi.py --help # using run_metapi.py instead of metapi

Run

Help

➤ metapi --help

  .___  ___.  _______ .___________.    ___      .______    __
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            Omics for All, Open Source for All

 A general metagenomics data mining system focus on robust microbiome research.

    optional arguments:
    -h, --help     show this help message and exit
    -v, --version  print software version and exit

    available subcommands:

    init         init project
    simulate_wf  simulate reads
    mag_wf       metagenome-assembly-genome pipeline
    gene_wf      metagenome-assembly-gene pipeline
    sync         metapi sync project

Init

➤ metapi init --help
usage: metapi init [-h] [-d WORKDIR] [--check-samples] [-s SAMPLES]
                        [-b {simulate,trimming,rmhost,assembly,binning,checkm}]
                        [--trimmer {sickle,fastp,trimmomatic}]
                        [--rmhoster {bwa,bowtie2,minimap2,kraken2,kneaddata}]
                        [--assembler {idba-ud,megahit,metaspades,spades,opera-ms} [{idba-ud,megahit,metaspades,spades,opera-ms} ...]]
                        [--binner BINNER [BINNER ...]]

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -d, --workdir WORKDIR
                        project workdir (default: ./)
  --check-samples       check samples, default: False
  -s, --samples SAMPLES
                        desired input:
                        samples list, tsv format required.

                        if begin from trimming, rmhost, or assembly:
                            if it is fastq:
                                the header is: [sample_id, assembly_group, binning_group, fq1, fq2]
                            if it is sra:
                                the header is: [sample_id, assembly_group, binning_group, sra]

                        if begin from simulate:
                                the header is: [id, genome, abundance, reads_num, model]

  -b, --begin {simulate,trimming,rmhost,assembly,binning,checkm}
                        pipeline starting point (default: trimming)
  --trimmer {sickle,fastp,trimmomatic}
                        which trimmer used (default: fastp)
  --rmhoster {bwa,bowtie2,minimap2,kraken2,kneaddata}
                        which rmhoster used (default: bowtie2)
  --assembler {idba-ud,megahit,metaspades,spades,opera-ms} [{idba-ud,megahit,metaspades,spades,opera-ms} ...]
                        which assembler used, required when begin with binning, can be changed in config.yaml (default: ['metaspades'])
  --binner BINNER [BINNER ...]
                        wchich binner used (default: ['metabat2', 'concoct', 'maxbin2', 'vamb', 'dastools'])

• Note

  • When we do metapi init, metapi will help us to create project structure, include config.yaml, profiles/, envs/, logs/ and results/.

    • config.yaml: workflow configuration, can be edited
    • profiles/: used when run pipeline on cluster, can be edited
      • For SGE user, please see profiles/sge/cluster.yaml
      • For SLURM user, please see profiles/slurm/cluster.yaml
    • envs/: conda environment file for some rules, can be edited to update software version by yourself

  • We recommand you to create a directory, and cd it and put samples.tsv in the directory, then do metapi init -s samples.tsv -d ./.

  • Samples file is required when init project. Samples input format requirement can see here.

  • Begin point can be simulate, trimming, rmhost, assembly and binning, it means:

    • simulate: simulate reads
    • trimming: samples need trimming, do quality control
    • rmhost: samples is quality control well, only need to remove host sequence, will not do trimming
    • assembly: samples is clean, just do assembly, will not do trimming and rmhost
    • (WIP) binning: supply samples and assembly, then do binning, will no do trimming, rmhost and assembly

  • When metapi init executed, then corresponding configuration will be writen into config.yaml. Of course, you can edit config.yaml to update config, then when run metapi mag_wf or metapi gene_wf, metapi will understand it. Just edit it, see what will happen.

mag_wf

➤ metapi mag_wf --help
          [--cluster-engine {slurm,sge,lsf,pbs-torque}]
          [--wait WAIT] [--use-conda] [--conda-prefix CONDA_PREFIX]
          [--conda-create-envs-only]
          [TASK]

positional arguments:
  TASK                  pipeline end point. Allowed values are

  raw_prepare_reads_all,
  raw_fastqc_all,
  raw_report_all,
  raw_all,
  trimming_sickle_all,
  trimming_fastp_all,
  trimming_trimmomatic_all,
  trimming_report_all,
  trimming_all,
  rmhost_bwa_all,
  rmhost_bowtie2_all,
  rmhost_minimap2_all,
  rmhost_kraken2_all,
  rmhost_kneaddata_all,
  rmhost_report_all,
  rmhost_all,
  qcreport_all,
  assembly_megahit_all,
  assembly_idba_ud_all,
  assembly_metaspades_all,
  assembly_spades_all,
  assembly_plass_all,
  assembly_opera_ms_all,
  assembly_metaquast_all,
  assembly_report_all,
  assembly_all,
  alignment_base_depth_all,
  alignment_report_all,
  alignment_all,
  binning_metabat2_coverage_all,
  binning_metabat2_all,
  binning_maxbin2_all,
  binning_concoct_all,
  binning_graphbin2_all,
  binning_dastools_all,
  binning_vamb_prepare_all,
  binning_vamb_all,
  binning_report_all,
  binning_all,
  identify_virsorter2_all,
  identify_deepvirfinder_all,
  identify_single_all,
  identify_phamb_all,
  identify_multi_all,
  identify_all,
  predict_scaftigs_gene_prodigal_all,
  predict_scaftigs_gene_prokka_all,
  predict_mags_gene_prodigal_all,
  predict_mags_gene_prokka_all,
  predict_scaftigs_gene_all,
  predict_mags_gene_all,
  predict_all,
  annotation_prophage_dbscan_swa_all,
  annotation_all,
  checkm_all,
  checkv_all,
  check_all,
  dereplicate_mags_drep_all,
  dereplicate_mags_galah_all,
  dereplicate_mags_all,
  dereplicate_vmags_all,
  dereplicate_all,
  taxonomic_gtdbtk_all,
  taxonomic_all,
  databases_bacteriome_kmcp_all,
  databases_bacteriome_kraken2_all,
  databases_bacteriome_krakenuniq_all,
  databases_bacteriome_all,
  databases_all,
  upload_sequencing_all,
  upload_assembly_all,
  upload_all,
  all (default: all)

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -d, --workdir WORKDIR
                        project workdir (default: ./)
  --check-samples       check samples, default: False
  --config CONFIG       config.yaml (default: ./config.yaml)
  --profile PROFILE     cluster profile name (default: ./profiles/slurm)
  --cores CORES         all job cores, available on '--run-local' (default: 240)
  --local-cores LOCAL_CORES
                        local job cores, available on '--run-remote' (default: 8)
  --jobs JOBS           cluster job numbers, available on '--run-remote' (default: 30)
  --list                list pipeline rules
  --debug               debug pipeline
  --dry-run             dry run pipeline
  --run-local           run pipeline on local computer
  --run-remote          run pipeline on remote cluster
  --cluster-engine {slurm,sge,lsf,pbs-torque}
                        cluster workflow manager engine, support slurm(sbatch) and sge(qsub) (default: slurm)
  --wait WAIT           wait given seconds (default: 60)
  --use-conda           use conda environment
  --conda-prefix CONDA_PREFIX
                        conda environment prefix (default: ~/.conda/envs)
  --conda-create-envs-only
                        conda create environments only

mag_wf example

# init project
➤ metapi init -d . -s samples.tsv -b trimming

# create conda environments, which will create envs at ~/.conda/envs
# run it firstly, recommend
➤ metapi mag_wf --conda-create-envs-only

# run pipeline with conda
➤ metapi mag_wf all --use-conda --run-local

# run raw_fastqc
➤ metapi mag_wf raw_fastqc_all --use-conda --run-local

# run trimming
➤ metapi mag_wf trimming_all --use-conda --run-local

# run rmhost
➤ metapi mag_wf rmhost_all --use-conda --run-local

# run qc report
➤ metapi mag_wf qcreport_all --use-conda --run-local

# run assembly
➤ metapi mag_wf assembly_all --use-conda --run-local

# run binning (microbial MAGs)
➤ metapi mag_wf binning_all --use-conda --run-local

# run identify (viral MAGs)
➤ metapi mag_wf identify_all --use-conda --run-local

# run gene predict
➤ metapi mag_wf predict_all --use-conda --run-local

# run checkm on microbial MAGs
➤ metapi mag_wf checkm_all --use-conda --run-local

# run checkv on viral MAGs
➤ metapi mag_wf checkv_all --use-conda --run-local

# run dereplicate on microbial MAGs
➤ metapi mag_wf dereplicate_mags_all --use-conda --run-local

# run dereplicate on viral MAGs
➤ metapi mag_wf dereplicate_vmags_all --use-conda --run-local

#run taxonomic (currently on microbial MAGs)
➤ metapi mag_wf taxonomic_all --use-conda --run-local

# run databases (generate databases for profiling)
➤ metapi mag_wf databases_all --use-conda --run-local

# run mag_wf all
➤ metapi mag_wf --use-conda --run-local

# run mag_wf all on SGE/SLURM cluster
➤ metapi mag_wf all --use-conda --run-remote

Input details

• The input fastq need gzip compress.

• If sample_id col contain same id, then the reads of each sample will be merged.

• For the same assembly_group, the reads will be combined together to do co-assembly, then the reads of each sample will map to the co-assembled results to calculate co-abundance for each assembly_group, then using MetaBAT2, MaxBin2, CONCOCT (You can specific which binner to use) to do binning.

• For the same binning_group, the assembled results will be combined together to build minimap2 index, then the reads of each sample will map to the combined index to calculate co-abundance, then using vamb to do binning

• assembly_group control the assembly and binning strategy; binning_group control the multisplit binning strategy developed by vamb.

• If all assembly_group are unique, for MetaBAT2, MaxBin2, CONCOCT, etc., that is the traditional single-assembly and single-binning strategy.

• If binning_group has multiple groups, then vamb will perform multisplit binning in each binning_group separately, which is useful for very large-scale data. For example, if there are 10,000 samples, and multisplit binning is performed once for every thousand samples, the binning group can be set to 10 different groups.

Input format

• begin from trimming, rmhost or assembly:

  • Paired-end reads

  sample_id	assembly_group	binning_group	short_forward_reads	short_reverse_reads
  s1	ag1	bg1	s1.1.fq.gz	s1.2.fq.gz
  s2	ag1	bg1	s2.1.fq.gz	s2.2.fq.gz
  s3	ag2	bg2	s3.1.fq.gz	s3.2.fq.gz
  s4	ag2	bg2	s4.1.fq.gz	s4.2.fq.gz

  • Paired-end reads (interleaved)

  sample_id	assembly_group	binning_group	short_interleaved_reads
  s1	ag1	bg1	s1.fq.gz
  s2	ag1	bg1	s2.fq.gz
  s3	ag2	bg2	s3.fq.gz
  s4	ag2	bg2	s4.fq.gz

  • Single-end reads

  sample_id	assembly_group	binning_group	short_single_reads
  s1	ag1	bg1	s1.fq.gz
  s2	ag1	bg1	s2.fq.gz
  s3	ag2	bg2	s3.fq.gz
  s4	ag2	bg2	s4.fq.gz

  • (WIP) Paired-end reads and/or single reads

  sample_id	assembly_group	binning_group	short_forward_reads	short_reverse_reads	short_single_reads
  s1	ag1	bg1	s1.1.fq.gz	s1.2.fq.gz	s1.fq.gz
  s2	ag1	bg1	s2.1.fq.gz	s2.2.fq.gz	s2.fq.gz
  s3	ag2	bg2	s3.1.fq.gz	s3.2.fq.gz	s3.fq.gz
  s4	ag2	bg2	s4.1.fq.gz	s4.2.fq.gz	s4.fq.gz

  • Paired-end reads and/or single reads, and/or long reads

  sample_id	assembly_group	binning_group	short_forward_reads	short_reverse_reads	short_single_reads	long_reads
  s1	ag1	bg1	s1.1.fq.gz	s1.2.fq.gz	s1.fq.gz	s1.long.fq.gz
  s2	ag1	bg1	s2.1.fq.gz	s2.2.fq.gz	s2.fq.gz	s2.long.fq.gz
  s3	ag2	bg2	s3.1.fq.gz	s3.2.fq.gz	s3.fq.gz	s3.long.fq.gz
  s4	ag2	bg2	s4.1.fq.gz	s4.2.fq.gz	s4.fq.gz	s4.long.fq.gz

  • SRA PE and/or SE : SRA can be dumpped to Paired-end/Single-end fastq reads

  sample_id	assembly_group	binning_group	sra_pe	sra_se
  s1	ag1	bg1	s1.pe.sra	s1.se.sra
  s2	ag1	bg1	s2.pe.sra	s2.se.sra
  s3	ag2	bg2	s3.pe.sra	s3.se.sra
  s4	ag2	bg2	s4.pe.sra	s4.se.sra

• (WIP) Begin from simulate, only support paired-end reads

  id	genome	abundance	reads_num	model
  s1	g1.fa	1.0	1M	hiseq
  s2	g1.fa	0.5	2M	hiseq
  s2	g2.fa	0.5	2M	hiseq
  s3	g1.fa	0.2	3M	hiseq
  s3	g2.fa	0.3	3M	hiseq
  s3	g3.fa	0.5	3M	hiseq

It means:

The sample s1 contain 1M reads which come from g1, the relative abundance of species g1 is 1.0.

The sample s2 contain 2M reads, 1M reads come from g1 and 1M reads come from g2. the relative abundance of species g1 is 0.5, the relative abundance of species g2 is 0.5.

The sample s3 contain 3M reads, 0.6M reads come from g1, 0.9M reads come from g2 and 1.5M reads come from g3, the relative abundance of species g1 is 0.2, the relative abundance of species g2 is 0.3, the relative abundance of species g3 is 0.5.

Then metapi will use InSilicoSeq to generate metagenomics shotgun reads.

• (WIP) begin from binning

  sample_id	assembly_group	binning_group	fq1	fq2	scaftigs
  s1	ag1	bg1	s1.1.fq.gz	s1.2.fq.gz	ag1.scaftigs.fa.gz
  s2	ag1	bg1	s2.1.fq.gz	s2.2.fq.gz	ag1.scaftigs.fa.gz
  s3	ag2	bg2	s3.1.fq.gz	s3.2.fq.gz	ag2.scaftigs.fa.gz
  s4	ag2	bg2	s4.1.fq.gz	s4.2.fq.gz	ag2.scaftigs.fa.gz

• (WIP) begin from checkm, or dereplicate, or taxonomic assignment (fq1 and fq2 can be empty)

  sample_id	bins
  s1	s1.bin.1.fa
  s1	s1.bin.2.fa
  s1	s1.bin.3.fa
  s2	s2.bin.1.fa
  s2	s2.bin.2.fa
  s2	s3.bin.3.fa

Default output structure (begin from trimming)

- config.yaml
- logs/
- profiles/
- envs/
- results/
    00.raw/
    01.trimming/
    02.rmhost/
    03.qcreport/
    04.assembly/
    05.alignment/
    06.binning/
    06.identify/
    07.annotation/
    07.predict/
    08.check/
    09.dereplicate/
    10.taxonomic/
    11.databases/
    99.upload/

• We will try our best to keep the directory structure uniform. Sequence files are generally placed in the reads directory, and report files are generally placed in the report directory.
• If you are not very clear about the output of the whole process, it is recommended to directly raise an issue or look at the code.

Databases and scripts used in metapi

Bowtie2 index for human reference genome

• CHM13_plus_Y

GTDBTk database

• Release214.0
• ar53_metadata
• bac120_metadata
• gtdb_to_ncbi_script

Phamb database

• miMompletedb
• VOGdb: untar vog.hmm.tar.gz to get all hmm files. Concatenate all the hmm-files these into an AllVOG.hmm file.
• randomforest_script

DeepVirFinder

• Script

CheckV database

• CheckV v1.5

Getting help

If you want to report a bug or issue, or have problems with installing or running the software, please create a new issue. This is the preferred way of getting support. Alternatively, you can mail me.

Contributing

Contributions welcome! Send me a pull request or get in touch.

When contributing a PR, please use the dev branch. For style, code will be checked using flake8, black, and snakefmt. These modules can be installed via conda, conda install black flake8 flake8-bugbear snakefmt or via pip pip install black flake8 flake8-bugbear snakefmt.

Contributors

• Jie Zhu - @alienzj
• Fangming Yang - @yangfangming
• Yanmei Ju - @juyanmei
• Weiting Liang - @weiting-liang
• Ye Peng - @peng-ye

Citation

Over 50,000 Metagenomically Assembled Draft Genomes for the Human Oral Microbiome Reveal New Taxa
Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpb.2021.05.001

License

This module is licensed under the terms of the GPLv3 license.